ORTHOTROPIC ORTHOTROPIC
BRIDGE
CONFERENCE
Two-Day Advanced Seminar and Introductory Course Outlines
Following is a
tentative outline of Two, 2-day classes (one introductory and one
advanced) that will be held in conjunction with the
3-day Orthotropic Steel Bridge Conference to be held in Sacramento, California
August 23-29, 2004. There will also be an additional field trip to nine
orthotropic bridges in the San Francisco Bay Area.
Orthotropic Steel Bridge Classes
- Tentative Schedule
Details of class to be
developed.
Monday 23 - Tuesday 24 (Two, 8-hour classes)
Introduction to Orthotropic Bridges (Separate registration)
Lead Instructor: Alfred R. Mangus, P.E. and other instructors
Monday
(8 am to 10 am) Summary & Survey of
Orthotropic Steel Bridges (time 2 hours) [Instructor: Alfred R. Mangus PE of Caltrans]
Review of Orthotropic Bridges system details. (Review reasons USA behind the world in using this system.)
(10 am to 10:15)
Break
(10:15 am to Noon)
Review of Orthotropic Bridges from around the world and California) [Instructor: Alfred R. Mangus PE of Caltrans]
Lunch (12 noon to 1pm)
(1:00 pm to 5:00)
Basics of Orthotropic Steel Bridges (time 4 hours) [Instructor: other yet to be selected or Alfred R. Mangus
PE of Caltrans]
Basics
of Orthotropic Bridges based on AASHTO, and details around the world and
California. Take the 2 span bridge plate girder example with concrete deck by
Caltrans Steel Bridge Committee and modify example with two types of panelized
bolted deck systems [open flat plate rib and closed rib system]. This example
would compare with concrete deck bridge problem published by Caltrans Steel
Bridge Committee. Examples to use Caltrans “P-Truck” loading .
[ 3 pm to 3:15 ]Break halfway
through
[BART railroad bridge panelized steel deck bridge] – see BART = Bay
Area Rapid Transit Deck Panel Bridge Case History – by Mangus
Review of “other codes” Orthotropic Bridges from around the world: [Japanese & European Code]
[5:00 pm] End of Class
Tuesday
[8 am to 10 am]
Summary & Survey of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Welding
Details (time 2 hours) [Instructor: Doug Williams PE]
Review of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Welding Details
[10 am to 10:15] Break
[10:15 am to Noon] Fabrication Issues for Orthotropic Steel Bridges (time
1:45 hours) [Instructor: other yet to be selected or Alfred R. Mangus PE of
Caltrans]
Horseshoe
fabrication at Universal Structures in Oregon lifting of large orthotropic
sections on dry land. Carquinez Orthotropic Steel Bridge PowerPoint Japanese
fabrication
Lunch [12 noon to 1pm]
(1:00 pm to 5:00)
Construction Issues for Orthotropic Steel Bridges (time
1:45 hours) [Instructor: other yet to be selected or Alfred R. Mangus PE]
Horseshoe video lifting of large orthotropic sections on dry land. Caltrans Carquinez Orthotropic Steel Bridge PowerPoint [ lifting from water]. Video of Humber Bridge of Great Britain
[2:45 pm to 3:00 pm] Break
Summary & Survey of Orthotropic Steel Bridge membrane Surface Details (time 0.5 hours) [Instructor: Mr. Frank Constantino of Stirling Lloyd ] Review of & summary of the “Eliminator” Surface Details used by Caltrans.
Summary & Survey of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Wearing
Surface Details (time 1.0 hours) [Instructor: wearing surface company[s]
employee Mr. F. Charles Seim of T.
Y. Lin]
Review of and summary of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Wearing Surface Details.
Orthotropic Steel Bridge Tour
Discussion (time 30 minutes) [Instructor: Alfred Mangus PE]
Discussion
of seventeen California Orthotropic Bridges details and Tour summary .
PowerPoint Presentation of his paper “Orthotropic Bridges of California.”
[5:00 pm] End of Class
Monday 23 - Tuesday 24 (Two, 8-hour classes)
Design of Orthotropic Deck Bridges (Separate registration)
Lead Instructor: Mr. Roman Wolchuk, P.E.
1.
INTRODUCTION
1-5
Structural characteristics of Orthotropic decks
1-19
Steel deck bridges in 1930’s
1-22
First Orthotropic decks in Germany (1950’s)
1-29
Design specifications, notable bridges 1960-2000
1-67 Long-span bridges after 2000
2.
DESIGN METHODS
2-1
Discussion of analytical methods
2-6
Orthotropic plate theory and its applications
2-7
Design for flexure
2-41
Design for axial compression
2-47 Transverse local primary and secondary stresses
3.
DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
3-1
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design
Specifications
3-3
Sections relevant to bridge decks
3-9
Provisions for deflection, tire contact area, effective
3-17
Surfacing design
3-19
Analytical method
3-23
Fatigue: Local-induced and Distortion-induced
3-25
Design for Load-Induced fatigue
3-40
Commentary on effects of residual stresses
3-43
Design for Distortion-induced fatigue
3-54
Eurocode provisions
3-55
Design for fatigue
3-62
Recommendation for structural detailing
3-70
Fabrication tolerances
3-71 Outlook for future specifications for orth. decks
4.
ORTHOTROPIC DECK DETAILS
4-1
Importance of correct
detailing
4-2
Details of Redecking with limited depth avilable: rib
4-4
Flexible rib connections at supports (Williamsburg
4-9
Direct connections to web (Amesbury Chain Bridge)
4-10
Possible fixed connection of deep ribs
4-12
New Carquinez Bridge details
4-15
Redecking of Triboro Bridge
4-19
Redecking of Throgs Neck Viaduct
4-24
Recommendations for detailing
Suggestions
for cost-saving framing and detailing
4-27
Advantages of longer rib spans
4-29
Comparison of Champlain Bridge and Golden Gate
4-30
Cost components of fabrications and erection of Orth.
4-31
Comparison of alternative deck framing
4-32 Alternative details at rib intersections with cross beams
5.
FABRICATION AND ERECTION
5-1
Steel material for orthotropic decks
5-6
Fabrication
5-17
Bolted and welded rib splices
5-19
Redecking of Throgs Neck Viaducts
5-25
Erection of large prefabricated bridges
5-28
Redecking – night time work (G. Gate)
5-33
Erection by launching (Arkansas River Bridge)
5-35
Erection by Launching (Sagticos Parkway Overpass)
Video: Champlain Bridge Erection
6.
WEARING SURFACINGS
6-1
Structural behavior of surfacings on steel decks
6-8
Typical surfacing failures and their causes
6-16
Dynamic elastic moduli in flexural tension
6-20
Stresses and strains in surfaings
6-22
AASHTO LRFD surfacing provisions
6-25
Desirable properties
6-27
Surfacing materials
6-31
Outlook for future surfacing design rules
6-32
Shop application of surfacing: Benjamin Franklin Bridge
6-35 Field application of surfacing: Golden Gate Bridge
6-36 Thin surfacing on Poplar St. Bridge
7.
SPECIAL APPLICATIONS OF ORTHOTROPIC
7-1
Orthotropic redecking – advantages
7-3
Benjamin Franklin Bridge
7-15
Golden Gate Bridge
7-19
Champlain Bridge
7-21
Amesbury Bridge
7-23
Expressway Overpasses
7-25
Railroad bridges
7-29
Movable bridges
7-32 Temporary bridges
8.
NUMERICAL EXAMPLES OF DESIGN
Serviceability
and Strength Design
8-1
General data on S. Francisco-Oakland Bay main bridge
8-3
Effective thickness of deck plate, rib properties
8-8
Effective torsional rigidity of deck
8-11 Bending moments, deflection and flexural stresses in ribs
8-21
Local compressive strength of deck
8-24
Global adequacy of deck in compression
Fatigue
Design
8-30
Outline of investigation
8-31
Distortion-induced fatigue
8-34
Local-induced fatigue: deck plate splice
8-39
Local-induced fatigue: intersection of ribs with
8-43
Loading components of cross beam web
8-56
Summary of loading cases used in analysis
8-58
Analytical model of cross beam web
8-61
Stress distribution in web obtained by FEM Analysis
8-71
Stress summaries
8-76
Effects of concurrent compressive dead load stresses
8-79
Summary of critical stresses at two web elements
8-80
Fatigue strength calculation
8-84 Concluding remarks on fatigue design
9.
REFERENCES